Developer job-market data
What developer roles pay and which skills employers are hiring for, tracked from live job postings across the market. Pick a role for its salary band and demand trend, or a skill to see what it pays and how sought-after it is.
Not sure what to learn next? See the highest-leverage skills to learn, ranked by demand, pay, and how hard they are to pass.
Posting counts in the role, skill and country tables are for August 2026, the most recent month tracked from start to finish.
Salaries by role
| Role | Median salary | Postings |
|---|---|---|
| Engineering Manager | US$206,950 | 727 |
| Machine Learning Engineer | US$202,425 | 964 |
| Backend Engineer | US$178,880 | 415 |
| Full Stack Engineer | US$177,500 | 967 |
| Mobile Engineer | US$175,250 | 271 |
| Frontend Engineer | US$171,250 | 267 |
| Security Engineer | US$170,000 | 913 |
| Data Scientist | US$165,000 | 902 |
| QA Engineer | US$117,000 | 442 |
| Data Analyst | US$109,200 | 406 |
| DevOps Engineer | £80,000 | 1,244 |
| Data Engineer | £75,000 | 1,467 |
| Software Engineer | £70,000 | 6,452 |
| Embedded Engineer | £70,000 | 258 |
Highest-paying skills
- budget managementUS$278,10029 postings · +109% vs typical
- djangoUS$269,50036 postings · +103% vs typical
- oracle cloud infrastructure (oci)US$262,60025 postings · +97% vs typical
- sast/dastUS$259,00036 postings · +95% vs typical
- recommendation systemsUS$238,60046 postings · +79% vs typical
- computer-visionUS$222,00074 postings · +67% vs typical
- deep learningUS$215,00029 postings · +62% vs typical
- people managementUS$213,50029 postings · +60% vs typical
- autonomous systemsUS$213,50026 postings · +60% vs typical
- data storytellingUS$210,40029 postings · +58% vs typical
- container securityUS$209,25045 postings · +57% vs typical
- hipaaUS$208,43026 postings · +57% vs typical
- reinforcement learning environmentsUS$208,00045 postings · +56% vs typical
- threat detectionUS$205,65036 postings · +55% vs typical
- experimental designUS$202,65032 postings · +52% vs typical
- causal inferenceUS$200,00072 postings · +50% vs typical
- feature engineeringUS$200,00032 postings · +50% vs typical
- roboticsUS$197,50052 postings · +48% vs typical
- kafkaUS$195,275358 postings · +47% vs typical
- experimentationUS$193,61352 postings · +45% vs typical
- feature storesUS$192,27341 postings · +44% vs typical
- apache sparkUS$192,050261 postings · +44% vs typical
- mobile ci/cdUS$192,05025 postings · +44% vs typical
- oidcUS$191,00025 postings · +44% vs typical
- mlopsUS$190,000314 postings · +43% vs typical
- react nativeUS$190,00039 postings · +43% vs typical
- siem/soarUS$190,00039 postings · +43% vs typical
- machine learning modelingUS$188,75036 postings · +42% vs typical
- change managementUS$187,89033 postings · +41% vs typical
- a/b testingUS$187,500143 postings · +41% vs typical
Skills employers ask for together
The technology pairings that show up most often in the same job posting: the demand signal for what to learn alongside what.
| Pairing | Postings |
|---|---|
| Databases & SQL + Python | 16,709 |
| AWS + Python | 14,110 |
| AWS + Databases & SQL | 12,415 |
| AI Engineering + Python | 8,932 |
| Python + System Design | 8,886 |
| Databases & SQL + System Design | 8,696 |
| AWS + System Design | 7,678 |
| Databases & SQL + HTTP & APIs | 7,640 |
| AWS + Docker | 7,474 |
| AI Engineering + Databases & SQL | 7,020 |
| AWS + Kubernetes | 6,266 |
| AWS + CI-CD Pipelines | 6,160 |
What kinds of roles are hiring
How current postings break down: the mix of seniority, company stage, and how central system design is to the work.
System-design emphasis
| Medium | 50% |
|---|---|
| High | 42% |
| Low | 9% |
Individual contributor vs lead
| Individual contributor | 69% |
|---|---|
| Lead / manager | 31% |
Company stage
| Enterprise | 60% |
|---|---|
| Scale-up | 31% |
| Startup | 9% |
Working arrangement
| Hybrid | 50% |
|---|---|
| On-site | 33% |
| Remote | 17% |
Salaries by country
| Country | Median salary | Postings |
|---|---|---|
| United States | US$168,620 | 7,611 |
| United Kingdom | £75,000 | 4,804 |
| Australia | A$135,000 | 3,013 |
| Canada | — | 6 |
| India | — | 6 |
| France | — | 3 |
| Ireland | — | 2 |
| Netherlands | — | 2 |
| Germany | — | — |
| Spain | — | — |
| Singapore | — | — |
Top-paying tech employers
Employers ranked by the median base wage they disclose on H-1B/LCA visa filings. This is a base figure that omits equity and bonus, sourced from U.S. DOL OFLC. Only employers with enough filings to be reliable are ranked.
| Company | 25th | Median | 75th | Filings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roku | US$240,125 | US$376,579 | US$436,238 | 69 |
| Xai | US$276,138 | US$343,750 | US$370,336 | 32 |
| Anthropic Pbc | US$263,787 | US$315,000 | US$340,000 | 116 |
| Openai Opco | US$255,000 | US$310,000 | US$357,500 | 121 |
| Jane Street Group | US$256,250 | US$300,000 | US$300,000 | 26 |
| Anuttacon | US$216,000 | US$276,000 | US$300,000 | 29 |
| Citadel Americas Services | US$237,500 | US$262,500 | US$275,000 | 28 |
| Citadel Enterprise Americas Services | US$237,500 | US$262,500 | US$287,500 | 48 |
| People Center Inc D B A Rippling | US$218,750 | US$262,125 | US$300,000 | 76 |
| Roblox | US$229,870 | US$261,250 | US$289,460 | 227 |
| US$238,445 | US$260,000 | US$288,995 | 87 | |
| Stubhub | US$217,500 | US$250,000 | US$300,000 | 28 |
| Xmotorsai | US$177,500 | US$245,750 | US$300,000 | 35 |
| Moveworks | US$194,875 | US$240,000 | US$267,500 | 30 |
| Resolve Ai | US$200,000 | US$240,000 | US$240,000 | 41 |
| Discord | US$210,100 | US$239,256 | US$261,022 | 35 |
| Plaid | US$199,692 | US$237,579 | US$269,100 | 30 |
| Citadel Securities Americas Services | US$212,500 | US$237,500 | US$270,000 | 35 |
| Maplebear | US$202,500 | US$237,500 | US$270,000 | 75 |
| Attentive Mobile | US$213,750 | US$232,500 | US$271,250 | 28 |
| Scale Ai | US$204,500 | US$232,325 | US$267,500 | 44 |
| Activehours | US$199,691 | US$231,768 | US$255,293 | 37 |
| Okbl | US$176,040 | US$231,500 | US$262,590 | 30 |
| Auger | US$205,000 | US$230,000 | US$300,000 | 29 |
Biggest H-1B tech visa sponsors
Employers ranked by how many tech H-1B/LCA filings they disclose: the most active sponsors of international tech hires. Showing the top 24 of 9,383 employers.
| Company | 25th | Median | 75th | Filings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon | US$132,900 | US$158,300 | US$182,500 | 17,365 |
| Cognizant Technology Solutions | US$92,602 | US$109,886 | US$126,818 | 10,180 |
| Tata Consultancy Services | US$104,659 | US$109,861 | US$115,154 | 7,285 |
| Microsoft | US$155,276 | US$172,705 | US$191,855 | 7,180 |
| US$162,000 | US$186,000 | US$206,000 | 6,829 | |
| Infosys | US$89,413 | US$99,112 | US$116,303 | 5,026 |
| Meta | US$181,049 | US$204,467 | US$228,151 | 4,968 |
| Ernst Young | US$125,000 | US$160,614 | US$206,424 | 4,578 |
| Apple | US$186,487 | US$220,543 | US$238,791 | 3,925 |
| Deloitte Consulting | US$114,500 | US$142,800 | US$175,200 | 3,837 |
| Wal Mart Associates | US$132,357 | US$168,795 | US$193,651 | 3,340 |
| Jpmorgan Chase | US$140,000 | US$156,500 | US$176,600 | 2,631 |
| Capgemini | US$114,773 | US$129,990 | US$143,978 | 2,512 |
| Hcl | US$91,042 | US$108,680 | US$128,775 | 2,450 |
| Accenture | US$153,500 | US$173,011 | US$204,437 | 2,449 |
| Ibm | US$123,985 | US$142,689 | US$170,602 | 2,349 |
| Ltimindtree | US$96,296 | US$109,846 | US$121,562 | 2,271 |
| Compunnel Software Group | US$111,448 | US$120,000 | US$137,900 | 2,235 |
| Fidelity Technology Group Llc D B A Fidelity Investments | US$127,889 | US$138,328 | US$152,828 | 2,158 |
| Wipro | US$86,400 | US$91,042 | US$106,382 | 2,055 |
| Salesforce | US$171,434 | US$205,000 | US$237,993 | 1,684 |
| Mphasis | US$100,000 | US$120,000 | US$132,000 | 1,601 |
| Nvidia | US$195,718 | US$228,618 | US$256,077 | 1,055 |
| Tech Mahindra Americas | US$91,375 | US$105,997 | US$126,693 | 1,030 |
The IT-services pay gap
Large IT-services, consulting, and staffing firms disclose a median base wage of US$109,886, which is US$35,409 (32%) below the US$145,295 product and direct-hire employers disclose.
- IT-services, consulting & staffing
- US$109,886
- 59,201 filings · 63 employers
- Product & direct-hire
- US$145,295
- 248,084 filings · 9,320 employers
Cohorts are a heuristic classification of a curated set of large IT-services, consulting, and staffing filers, matched by employer name; every other sponsor counts as product/direct-hire. Each figure is the filing-weighted median of its cohort’s disclosed base wages. This is a base figure that omits equity and bonus, sourced from U.S. DOL OFLC. It classifies a curated set, not every filer, and is not a judgment of any individual employer.
Highest-paying tech roles
Tech roles ranked by the median base wage disclosed on H-1B/LCA visa filings. This is a base figure that omits equity and bonus, sourced from U.S. DOL OFLC. Only roles with enough filings to be reliable are ranked.
| Role | Median base wage |
|---|---|
| Engineering Manager | US$201,500 |
| Machine Learning Engineer | US$190,480 |
| Backend Engineer | US$168,006 |
| Embedded Engineer | US$150,000 |
| Data Scientist | US$145,000 |
| Security Engineer | US$140,719 |
| Mobile Engineer | US$140,000 |
| Software Engineer | US$133,882 |
| Data Engineer | US$129,998 |
| DevOps Engineer | US$121,222 |
| Full Stack Engineer | US$117,812 |
| Frontend Engineer | US$115,600 |
| QA Engineer | US$111,000 |
| Data Analyst | US$101,920 |
Top-paying tech cities
Metro areas ranked by the median base wage disclosed on H-1B/LCA visa filings. This is a base figure that omits equity and bonus, sourced from U.S. DOL OFLC. Only cities with enough filings to be reliable are ranked.
| Metro area | 25th | Median | 75th | Filings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yorktown Heights, NY | US$204,592 | US$229,916 | US$250,880 | 34 |
| Cupertino, CA | US$184,852 | US$226,600 | US$243,504 | 2,003 |
| Los Gatos, CA | US$226,158 | US$226,158 | US$264,514 | 254 |
| San Mateo, CA | US$169,407 | US$213,106 | US$255,100 | 735 |
| San Francisco, CA | US$168,283 | US$200,000 | US$235,000 | 6,825 |
| Menlo Park, CA | US$180,000 | US$199,004 | US$229,501 | 2,682 |
| Redwood Shores, CA | US$173,709 | US$194,405 | US$232,970 | 85 |
| Foster City, CA | US$162,836 | US$193,920 | US$224,404 | 654 |
| Santa Clara, CA | US$160,516 | US$192,736 | US$226,307 | 4,087 |
| Sunnyvale, CA | US$166,000 | US$192,040 | US$221,682 | 7,740 |
| Mountain View, CA | US$168,000 | US$190,497 | US$223,000 | 4,804 |
| Mercer Island, WA | US$163,862 | US$190,486 | US$212,406 | 28 |
| Palo Alto, CA | US$165,000 | US$190,232 | US$226,138 | 2,108 |
| Burlingame, CA | US$173,000 | US$190,000 | US$225,753 | 271 |
| San Jose, CA | US$152,276 | US$187,500 | US$223,963 | 6,908 |
| Sammamish, WA | US$149,620 | US$187,018 | US$223,833 | 107 |
| Brentwood, CA | US$157,329 | US$186,834 | US$211,512 | 26 |
| San Carlos, CA | US$160,901 | US$185,000 | US$203,399 | 51 |
| Mill Creek, WA | US$135,700 | US$184,161 | US$223,601 | 29 |
| Campbell, CA | US$137,800 | US$184,142 | US$217,270 | 81 |
| San Bruno, CA | US$157,000 | US$183,788 | US$201,586 | 474 |
| Redwood City, CA | US$155,029 | US$182,303 | US$213,512 | 624 |
| East Palo Alto, CA | US$148,400 | US$180,960 | US$210,000 | 295 |
| Greenwich, CT | US$149,000 | US$177,500 | US$212,474 | 52 |
Disclosed tech salaries by US state
| State | Median base wage |
|---|---|
| Texas | US$115,091 |
| California | US$182,500 |
| Washington | US$164,548 |
| New Jersey | US$125,000 |
| New York | US$155,000 |
| North Carolina | US$124,593 |
| Georgia | US$118,487 |
| Illinois | US$117,500 |
| Florida | US$114,517 |
| Virginia | US$125,001 |
| Pennsylvania | US$112,486 |
| Massachusetts | US$140,000 |
| Ohio | US$111,295 |
| Michigan | US$114,000 |
| Arizona | US$115,488 |
| Tennessee | US$113,578 |
| Missouri | US$111,509 |
| Colorado | US$133,724 |
| Minnesota | US$118,685 |
| Connecticut | US$111,634 |
| Maryland | US$123,656 |
| Arkansas | US$120,000 |
| Indiana | US$105,000 |
| Wisconsin | US$109,500 |
| Delaware | US$122,682 |
| Oregon | US$139,227 |
| Utah | US$120,865 |
| South Carolina | US$113,797 |
| Kentucky | US$104,556 |
| Kansas | US$106,058 |
| Iowa | US$106,070 |
| District of Columbia | US$125,279 |
| New Hampshire | US$120,210 |
| Nebraska | US$113,703 |
| Rhode Island | US$123,000 |
| Nevada | US$110,802 |
| Alabama | US$95,000 |
| Oklahoma | US$97,219 |
| Louisiana | US$102,150 |
| Idaho | US$109,577 |
| New Mexico | US$97,822 |
| Mississippi | US$97,386 |
| Maine | US$115,250 |
| Wyoming | US$90,563 |
| South Dakota | US$87,069 |
| North Dakota | US$87,000 |
| Vermont | US$117,105 |
| Hawaii | US$113,000 |
| West Virginia | US$104,000 |
| Puerto Rico | US$83,998 |
| Montana | US$131,950 |
| Alaska | US$72,800 |
| Guam | US$85,134 |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | US$51,231 |
| Northern Mariana Islands | US$40,498 |
How fresh are these postings?
We re-check the job boards we track on every refresh and note when a posting first appeared, how long it stays up, and when the same listing comes back. These are raw counts across 39,730 tracked postings (14,669 still open), not a verdict on any one job.
| Typical time a posting stays open | 3 days |
|---|---|
| Share of open postings past 30 days | 3% |
| Listings reposted under a new ID with identical text | 4,317 |
| The same listing running on more than one board | None yet |
| Roles re-listed more than once at the same company | 5,473 |
These counts cover only the boards we track, not the whole hiring market, so read them as a sample. A dash means we haven’t seen enough of that signal here yet. A reposted or long-open listing isn’t necessarily a ghost job. Visa and green-card rules require some roles to be re-advertised. So we show what we saw and leave the call to you.
Posting patterns by company
How the busiest employers on the boards we track run their postings: how long a typical role stays open, and how often we saw the same listing come back. These are observations, not a verdict on any employer, measured across 38,461 tracked postings with a named company, through September 2026.
| Company | Postings | Most-listed role | Typical days open | Repeat listings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capital One | 819 | Full Stack Engineer | 7 days | reposted 740 times over 1 month |
| Amazon | 609 | Software Engineer | 7 days | reposted 363 times over 2 months |
| Itol Recruit | 447 | Software Engineer | 0 days | reposted 430 times over 1 month |
| Deloitte | 409 | Software Engineer | 0 days | reposted 422 times over 2 months |
| Efinancialcareers | 349 | Software Engineer | 0 days | reposted 211 times over 1 month |
| Jp Morgan | 339 | Software Engineer | 7 days | reposted 162 times over 2 months |
| Noir | 284 | Software Engineer | 0 days | reposted 144 times over 1 month |
| It Career Switch | 270 | Software Engineer | 0 days | reposted 275 times over 1 month |
| Lockheed Martin | 268 | Software Engineer | 0 days | reposted 343 times over 2 months |
| Jpmorgan Chase | 249 | Software Engineer | 3 days | reposted 46 times over 1 month |
Only employers with at least 5 tracked postings appear, since fewer can’t carry a typical figure. A reposted or long-open listing is not necessarily a ghost job. Visa and green-card rules require some roles to be re-advertised, so we show what we saw and leave the call to you.
Where roles sit open longest
The role and location cells whose postings stay open longest across the markets we track, and how often the same listing comes back. These are the roles where a candidate has the most time and leverage. These are observations over the postings we tracked, not a verdict on any employer. As of the week of 31 August 2026.
| Role | Market | Where | Typical time open | Relisted | Postings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Backend Engineer | United States | Seattle | 2 weeks | 47.3% | 74 |
| Backend Engineer | United States | Austin | 2 weeks | 44.4% | 63 |
| Data Engineer | Australia | Perth | 2 weeks | 12.0% | 50 |
| Security Engineer | Australia | Perth | 2 weeks | 0.0% | 32 |
| Backend Engineer | Australia | Sydney | 2 weeks | 1.6% | 61 |
| DevOps Engineer | Australia | Perth | 14 days | 13.5% | 37 |
| Full Stack Engineer | Australia | Perth | 12 days | 10.0% | 30 |
| Mobile Engineer | United States | San Francisco | 10 days | 44.2% | 52 |
| Data Engineer | United States | Seattle | 10 days | 29.8% | 124 |
| Software Engineer | Australia | Remote Au | 10 days | 16.7% | 36 |
| Backend Engineer | United States | Los Angeles | 10 days | 42.9% | 35 |
| Mobile Engineer | United States | Seattle | 10 days | 42.5% | 40 |
Only cells with at least 30 tracked postings appear, since fewer can’t carry a typical figure. A long-open or reposted listing is not necessarily a ghost job. Visa and green-card rules require some roles to be re-advertised, so we show what we saw and leave the call to you.
Dossiers, bulletin, and open data
Quarter-grain trend reporting with disclosed methodology: a hiring dossier per market we collect (Australia, United States, United Kingdom), the dated Global Tech Hiring Bulletin, and the CC-BY datasets behind the published figures.
Jobs data powered by Adzuna.
Disclosed wage data from the U.S. Department of Labor, OFLC.